Weekly academic research summary
LATEST RESEARCH: This summary curates the key policing-related research that's been published online in the last week, with links to the original journal articles, and selected abstracts.
OPINION: National Police Chiefs’ Council Chair, Chief Constable Gavin Stephens, believes facial recognition (FR) has the potential to be a game-changer for crime fighting; in this article – which appears as the foreword to Policing Insight’s latest thematic report, Facing the future: the rise of facial recognition in policing – he highlights the potential benefits of FR, and the pledges from UK policing to ensure such technology is used ethically, transparently and responsibly.
FEATURE: From fraud to CSE to radicalisation, generative artificial intelligence is already changing criminal operations; experts at the recent UCL International Crime Science Conference discussed what changes that are “faster than the industrial revolution” mean now and for the future, and debated ways to uphold public safety, as Policing Insight’s Ian Weinfass reports.
ANALYSIS: New research led by Abertay University’s Dr Ben Jones and funded by the Scottish Institute for Policing Research’s Future of Policing Scheme has highlighted the new challenges around retrieving fingerprints from polymer banknotes introduced in the UK in 2015, as Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons reports.
OPINION: While scams may have traditionally been viewed as mainly opportunistic offences of consumer fraud, Deloitte fraud and intelligence specialist Paul Curwell and Nicholas McTaggart, financial crime consultant and former Australian Federal Police national co-ordinator, warn that increasingly sophisticated and AI-based scams are being used to raise funds for terrorist organisations and transnational serious and organised crime groups, and need a more co-ordinated global response.
FEATURE: Military services details, favourite places, and engagement with support groups are among the details of armed forces veterans entered on a new database under the Forcer Protocol, an approach pioneered by Greater Manchester Police to improve the search outcomes for veterans reported missing, as GMP’s Chief Inspector Mark Mangnall explained to Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons.
OPINION: While many violence offences have decreased significantly over the past decade in England and Wales, knife crime has bucked that trend; Associate Professor Toby Davies and Professor Graham Farrell of the University of Leeds believes there are several steps the next government could take to address a crime that is far from intractable.
ANALYSIS: With the UK public preparing to head to the polls to elect the next government, each party has set out its specific manifesto pledges on policing and crime; Policing Insight’s Thomas James looks at what the parties are promising to implement should they get into power, and – despite widespread media coverage of policing and crime over recent months – whether voters actually care about it as an election issue.
INNOVATION: In the latest in a series of articles exploring the opportunities and challenges presented to police by the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), Chief Philip Lukens explores how to avoid vendor lock-in while ensuring the ethical and effective use of AI technologies in police departments.
FEATURE: Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks at the latest opportunities for police researchers and innovators under the Horizon Europe programme, which includes funding specifically to explore the ability to mitigate new threats and to adapt investigation strategies in the ‘Internet of Things’ era.
INTERVIEW: Having had her own battles with anxiety and mental health, Police Scotland’s Sgt Laura Gibson embarked on a Churchill Fellowship study to explore the efforts made by law enforcement agencies in the US to better prepare recruits for the psychological impact of the job, as well as to understand more about why officers do take their own lives – lessons she believes could have real benefits in the UK, as she told Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons.
REPORT LAUNCH: Policing Insight launches a new thematic report – Facing the future: the rise of facial recognition in policing. The report aims to be a one-stop shop for everything you need to know about facial recognition; with contributions from 34 expert stakeholders from around the world, we explain the technology and highlight the big debates around its use.
ANALYSIS: In this second article of a two-part series about the modern ransomware threat, Policing Insight’s James Sweetland examines how law enforcement tries to respond to this challenge and what role policing should play, drawing on exclusive interviews with the National Crime Agency, the National Cyber Security Centre and other experts.
FEATURE: A new report from the Childlight campaign group has highlighted the staggering scale of online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) – with estimates that at least 300 million children a year are victims – and has urged governments, health experts and law enforcement to tackle OCSEA as “a global health pandemic”, as Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons reports.
OPINION: Australia is looking to create a $400 million training facility in Brisbane for Pacific islands police officers, to strengthen the country’s role as the main security partner in the Pacific; but Professor Danielle Watson of the Queensland University of Technology argues that closer partnerships and investing in training provision within the island communities would be a more sustainable and effective option.
ANALYSIS: A new report from the Irish Council for Civil Liberties claims that Ireland’s An Garda Síochána has yet to make significant progress on addressing a number of human rights concerns highlighted six years ago; but the force has strenuously defended its approach, pointing to a number of developments around cultural awareness, community and diversity as evidence that human rights remain at the heart of the Garda’s role, as Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons reports.
ANALYSIS: New research by Deakin University PhD Candidate Jess Woolley has highlighted how some perpetrators of family violence are weaponising suicide threats, leading to concerns among police officers that addressing the mental health of the perpetrator as a priority can subsequently leave victim-survivors at risk and without adequate protection.
ANALYSIS: Young male drivers are four times more likely than older drivers to be killed or seriously injured on the roads in the UK, and road traffic crashes are the leading cause of death among 17-24-year-olds; Police Foundation Researcher Ruth Halkon explains why her organisation has joined forces with several others to push for the next government to adopt a public health approach to road death reduction, including graduated licences and improved driver education.
FEATURE: With 2024 marking the 25th anniversary of the launch of Europol, Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks at the organisation’s efforts to support member states in the fight against key crime threats, and in particular the work of the Innovation Lab in identifying and developing new technologies, and promoting partnerships and regulatory standards.
ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE: This year's Global Collaboration of Evidence Based Policing , supported by media partner Policing Insight, runs from 2nd to 4th September in Melbourne, Australia and is followed by the UK Society of Evidence Based Policing annual conference 11th to 12th September. Mark Evans highlights the themes with the Australia & New Zealand Society of Evidence Based Policing (ANZSEBP) President Dave Cowan and UK Society of Evidence Based Policing (SEBP) Chair Alex Murray.
ANALYSIS: In the first in a two-part series about the modern ransomware threat, Policing Insight’s James Sweetland explores the development and defining features of this complex crime type – including the effect of bitcoin, the potential impact of artificial intelligence, and the role of Russia – drawing on exclusive interviews with the National Crime Agency, the National Cyber Security Centre and other experts.