Opinion

OPINION: The popularity of various illicit drugs changes regularly, with substance preference of users often dictated by the choices of manufacturers, logistical challenges and geopolitical events; Associate Professor Ian Hamilton of the University of York, and Professor Harry Sumnall of Liverpool John Moores University, highlight four street drugs that could pose a significant UK health threat in 2024.

ANALYSIS: Shoplifting has become a focus for policing in the UK and around the world, amid claims that the retail sector is experiencing a theft epidemic fuelled by organised gangs, social media and a poor police response; Professor Graham Farrell of the University of Leeds and Professor Rachel Armitage of the University of Huddersfield explore the veracity of some of the key recent assertions made about shoplifting.

OPINION: Policing is understandably keen to embrace the latest technology in its efforts to protect the public and fight crime; but Dr David Lydon, a former police officer and now Senior Lecturer in Policing at Canterbury Christ Church University, believes that the move towards technocracy inevitably threatens the service’s ability to operate a consensual model in line with the principles and features of traditional community policing.

FEATURE: As we welcome in 2024, Policing Insight Editor Keith Potter looks back over what the past 12 months have meant for policing in the UK and internationally, how those issues have been covered by Policing Insight, and the continuing challenges and opportunities for the year ahead.

OPINION: The New Zealand Coalition Government has made a crackdown on gangs a priority in its first 100 days, setting out its expectations in a letter to the Police Commissioner and promising new police powers; but Auckland University of Technology Law Professor Kris Gledhill argues that necessary laws to tackle the problem are already in place, and a focus on diverting people from gang membership would be more effective.

OPINION: The proposed closure of 29 police stations in Scotland is symptomatic of a wider problem in UK policing’s role and relationship with the community, believes former Police Scotland Superintendent Martin Gallagher – one which will require innovative thinking coupled with a refocusing on policing’s core functions if it is to be successfully addressed.

OPINION: Stop-and-frisk is a controversial policy in US policing, but formed a key plank of Philadelphia Mayor-elect Cherelle Parker’s campaign manifesto in an effort to tackle gun violence; Arizona State University Professors Michael D White and Henry F Fradella believe stop-and-frisk can be used effectively and without contravening the constitution, if coupled with careful controls and a change in culture and accountability.

OPINION: With increasingly polarised politics, the growth of the post-truth era, and a general fall in confidence in major institutions, the UK’s model of policing by consent is being tested like never before; but Police Foundation Director Rick Muir believes that the fundamental principles of the model remain sound, and that the priority for overcoming the current challenges must be improved communication.

CHRISTMAS MESSAGE: There seems to have been little festive cheer in the build-up to Christmas this year, with international events and home-grown politicians leaving police a target for headlines and commentators, and little recognition of the everyday efforts to prevent crime and keep the public safe; against that sort of backdrop, it’s even more crucial that officers and staff get the opportunity to celebrate, relax and recharge over the Christmas period, says Policing Insight Editor Keith Potter.

FEATURE: The significant increase in public protests and marches, particularly since the start of the current conflict in the Middle East, has brought with it accusations of a ‘two-tier’ approach to policing supporters; but as Policing Insight’s Graham Wettone – whose 30-year policing career included many large public order events – explains, while those different tiers, tactics and approaches exist, they are based on threat, risk, information and intelligence, rather than race, religion or political persuasion.

OPINION: Recent suggestions that policing could use facial recognition more widely – including to check against the UK passport database to identify shoplifters – prompted an outcry from some MPs, academics and campaigners; but Dr Asress Gikay, Senior Lecturer in AI, Disruptive Innovation and Law at London’s Brunel University, believes the benefit the tech delivers, public support, and existing safeguards mean campaigns to stop the police use of facial recognition are likely to fail.

FEATURE: This year’s Australia New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency (ANZPAA) Conference attracted almost 600 delegates and more than 70 speakers from 17 countries, with a focus on exploring partnerships and collaborative working; ANZPAA CEO Dr Tracey Green reflects on the learning and outcomes from the two-day event, and how these can help to shape and improve policing moving forwards.

OPINION: The Hamas attack on Israel on 7 October, and Israel’s subsequent ground invasion of Gaza, has led to significant rise in hate crime attacks on both Jews and pro-Palestinians in the US; but Professor Jeannine Bell of Chicago’s Loyola University believes complex legislation, inadequate police training and a lack of specialists officers and prosecutors means that hate crimes are rarely reported, well investigated, charged or brought to trial.

OPINION: South Yorkshire Police Detective Chief Inspector Aneela Khalil-Khan is one of the country’s most senior female officers of colour, and recently completed a Fulbright Scholarship study looking at the recruitment, retention, and progression of minority female officers in the UK and the US; in this article she explains the findings from her research, and shares some of her own personal experiences.

OPINION: The decision to implement a third, non-degree entry route into UK policing may already have been made, but University of Central Lancashire Policing Lecturer David Marshall believes the move to bypass the current degree entry routes will negatively impact on efforts to professionalise policing, create a two-tier service, and do little to address falling levels of trusts and confidence in the police.

OPINION: Levels of ‘honour-based’ abuse (HBA) have gone up in the UK by 10% over the last three years, an increase driven partly by a rise in reporting as communities emerged from pandemic lockdowns, and also by changes to police recording rules; Dr Sadiq Bhanbhro of Sheffield Hallam University believes the lack of a clear legal definition of HBA, together with political cultural sensitivities, maybe preventing the police and Crown Prosecution Service from tackling the crime more effectively.

ANALYSIS: Although FBI statistics suggest that the vast majority of homicides in the United States are committed using firearms and knives, Professors Jack Levin and Julie B Wiest believe ‘covert violence’ – such as poisoning, falls and other ‘accidental’ deaths – are actually responsible for significant numbers of homicides that don’t feature in the figures, requiring better prevention strategies along with greater focus on the issue by law enforcement and other authorities to tackle the issue.

OPINION: As security has deteriorated in Nigeria, one of the country’s main challenges has become ‘banditry’, with an eight-fold increase in the number of armed robberies, kidnaps and murders between 2018 and 2022; Dr Oluwole Ojewale of the Institute for Security Studies in Senegal believes that a decentralised police force, working in partnership with community activists and the military where required, would be the most effective solution to the problem.

OPINION: Body armour is essential kit for police officers, but ill-fitting vests that now carry additional equipment weight are causing significant health problems for those on the frontline; Zac Mader of the Police Federation of England and Wales argues that new lightweight, gender-specific body armour could address many of the lower back pain issues associated with existing equipment, a problem highlighted by physiotherapist Patrick Hoyte

FEATURE: For Professor Betsy Stanko, co-lead of Operation Soteria Bluestone, policing’s “corporate culture” needs to change; during an event hosted at New Scotland Yard, she called for a new mindset that sees forces learn the right lessons about how they handle rape and serious sexual offences, as Policing Insight’s James Sweetland reports.

ANALYSIS: While the Baroness Casey Review was underway – a review which highlighted “toxic cultures” of sexism and racism in the force’s firearms unit – the National Police Chiefs’ Council commissioned its own UK-wide review of the role; Adrian James, Reader in Police Studies at Liverpool John Moores University and one of the authors of the subsequent report, says that similar issues around macho, sexist cultures and elitism are evident in police firearms teams across the country.

FEATURE: With tomorrow marking the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women and Girls, Dr Sarah Jane Fox of the University of Leicester Law School explores the history and significance behind the date, the continuing need to fund the campaign to tackle VAWG nationally and globally, and the frightening death toll of female victims likely to lose their lives between now and Christmas.

OPINION: The recent ‘not guilty’ court verdict against nine Just Stop Oil protestors who admitted deliberately smashing the windows of a bank HQ in London might suggest that the finding was completely at odds with the law; but as former police officer and University of Derby Policing Lecturer Tom Andrews explains, the ‘lawful excuse’ defence offered in this and other cases is a long-standing and crucial element of the jury-based justice system.

OPINION: South Africa is facing continued growth in violent crime, and reconfigured policing strategies designed to tackle the problem seem to have had little success; Stellenbosch University’s Dr Guy Lamb argues that a more collaborative approach from police working with local communities, and the proper funding and implementation of the country’s Integrated Crime and Violence Prevention Strategy, would be the most effective way forward.