United States

FEATURE: A review of 30 research studies into the effects of body-worn cameras on the behaviour of both officers and the public suggests that there is ’substantial uncertainty’ regarding the potential benefits of the new technology, other than in reducing unwarranted complaints against police, reports Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons.

ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE: On Tuesday 15th December at 11am EST / 4pm GMT / 5pm CET, NICE will be hosting a Global Digital Transformation of Policing and Criminal Justice Virtual Roundtable. It will be joined by senior Police and Criminal Justice representatives from the UK and the US who will each provide insight into their digital transformation journeys, during this free-to-attend event.

OPINION: When a community’s belief that police will be fair and respectful diminishes, so too does the legitimacy of policing itself, and the result can be slide into broken relations and the ‘harder' use of police powers; criminologist Professor Mike Hough of Birkbeck, University of London explores how procedural justice theory can explain these interactions – and hopefully offer a route back to more effective community relations.

LONG READ: Modern slavery and human trafficking are transnational crimes that could easily flourish in the COVID-19 pandemic conditions of economic uncertainty and isolation; in this long-read article, Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons looks at efforts in the UK and US to tackle this illegal human trade which often targets society’s most vulnerable.

FEATURE: Online child sexual exploitation is a growing crime with horrific consequences around the world, but a global task force led by the FBI is making significant inroads, catching offenders and rescuing children; Policing Insight Contributing Editor Tina Orr Munro reports from the UK’s Internet Intelligence and Investigations Conference on the success of the VCACITF.

OPINION: The American presidential election was fought against a backdrop of protest, division and unrest, with law and order and policing more politicised than at any time since the 1960s; Professor Temitope Oriola of the University of Alberta believes legislation is needed to prevent a repeat of similar politicisation in the future.

FEATURE: The social and economic conditions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have fuelled a surge in human trafficking in many countries; Policing Insight contributor Andrew Staniforth reports on one US initiative which has brought together a range of covert intelligence and overt investigative agencies to tackle the issue – with impressive results.

OPINION: The UN reports a 320% increase in right-wing terrorism globally in the five years prior to 2020; as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic provides a fertile breeding ground for fanaticism, Sean Spence, doctorate student in security risk management at the University of Portsmouth, explains why any current 'fifth wave' of terrorism is likely to come from the far right.

OPINION: The cumulative trauma suffered by police and other first responders regularly exposed to serious injury, death and immediate threat can cause high levels of PTSD as well as depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal thoughts; but as psychiatrist Professor Arash Javanbakht explains, help is out there – and first responders and their families deserve to be happy.

ANALYSIS: There have been widespread calls for police reform in the United States, but what shape should that reform take, and how effective can it be? Professor Ronald Weitzer of George Washington University looks at what steps have been taken so far, what has – and hasn’t – worked, and the opportunities for further evidence-based reform.

ANALYSIS: While a significant proportion of the American public are calling for police reform, more than half of all major crime in the US still goes unreported, and police only make an arrest in around one in five of those cases; Professor Shima Baughman of the University of Utah argues that truly improving policing will require those two gaps to be addressed.

FEATURE: An industry body for security professionals has drawn up a blueprint for the lawful use of facial recognition technology; but, as Sarah Gibbons reports, thousands of leading international academics are warning that the algorithms and data used in such systems inevitably reinforce racial bias and prejudice.

Analysis: The militarisation of police departments in the United States has been a feature of domestic law enforcement since 2001. Visiting Associate Professor of Sociology at Emmanuel College Tom Nolan examines the impact of this approach on civil disorder.

ANALYSIS: Recent events in the United States have led to calls for more training and credentialing to reduce the use of excessive force by police. Dr. Leana Bouffard of Iowa State University and Dr. Gaylene Armstrong of the University of Nebraska provide five reasons why police officers should be encouraged to pursue a college degree so they are better equipped to lead much-needed reform.

UCL COVID-19 SERIES: Dr Ben Stickle, Associate Professor of Criminal Justice Administration at Middle Tennessee State University, explores the trend of 'porch piracy' in the US during the Covid-19 pandemic and how agencies have responded to this.

Analysis: In the past twenty years, policing in Northern Ireland has transformed itself to become more representative of the communities it serves. Adjunct Professor at City University of New York Dr. Laura Weinstein and Assistant Professor at Emory University Dr. Donald Beaudette examine policing in Northern Ireland and the potential lessons for US police forces.

analysis: USA: Community groups and protesters are calling for major reforms of policing - including defunding and even disbanding forces - in the fallout from the killing of George Floyd. But, as Dr Jill McCorkel explains, the strength of police unions across the USA, together with protective legislation, represent a significant barrier to meaningful change.

Analysis: The death of George Floyd in Minneapolis has led to calls for police departments in the US to be 'defunded'. Professor of Sociology at George Washington University Ronald Weitzer takes a closer look at whether defunding the police is the answer.

Opinion: Tom Nolan, Visiting Associate Professor of Sociology at Emmanuel College, Boston University, explores how the pandemic is affecting crime statistics in the United States and the impact it is having on the police response.

Analysis: USA: Covid-19 has presented law enforcement with huge challenges, but Dr. Joseph A. Cortez, Associate Professor at the University of Southern California and Lieutenant at the Santa Monica Police Department, argues it is also an unprecedented opportunity to switch off 'auto-pilot' and use the lessons learnt to help re-shape the future of policing.

Analysis: When US polling organisation Elucd asked Americans how satisfied they were with guidance received during the Coronavirus emergency, local police departments polled even worse than the President. Michael Simon, CEO of Elucd and former head of analysis to President Obama’s re-election campaign, tries to understand what lies behind this surprising result.

Analysis: Jennifer Cobbina, Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University, discusses whether the recruitment of a more diverse workforce would bring an end to police brutality against black citizens in the US, or whether the answer lies in the remoulding of a more appropriate police culture.

OPINION: Professor Herman Goldstein, the pioneer of Problem-orientated policing (POP), passed away recently. His contribution to policing spans more than five decades and its impact has been felt across the globe. Professor Gloria Laycock OBE, from the Jill Dando Institute, UCL, pays tribute to Professor Goldstein and how he changed our understanding of policing.

insight: Social media is an important public engagement tool for policing, but what happens when an officer posts inappropriate messages? Policing Insight contributor Andrew Staniforth examines the implications of The Plain View Project, a US database of comments made by police officers, which uncovered thousands of offensive posts.