Analysis

ANALYSIS: In 2019 the UK Government announced £35 million funding for the launch of 18 new Violence Reduction Units, as part of a wider strategy that included a public health approach to tackling serious violence; Policing Insight Contributing Editor Tina Orr Munro looks at the first 12 months of VRUs, and the challenges for the future.

ANALYSIS: The rise in ransomware attacks has seen cyber criminals increasingly targeting public sector organisations, where budgetary constraints have led to poor cyber security; Policing Insight contributor Andrew Staniforth looks at the preparations organisations can take to protect themselves, as well as efforts to prevent ransoms being paid by victims.

LONG READ: UK Home Secretary Priti Patel has authorised the police use of Taser 7, which manufacturers describe as the safest, most tested use of force option, intended to ‘make the bullet obsolete’; but critics argue the more powerful double-cartridge device has increased risks of injury for targets and bystanders. Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons looks at the kit and listens to the arguments around the latest conducted energy device.

ANALYSIS: The high level of drug-related deaths in Scotland has led to unnecessary loss of life and an unenviable tally of misery; in this qualitative study, former Police Scotland Inspector David Macdonald explores the knowledge and awareness of drug harm reduction among frontline police officers in Dundee and Glasgow.

ANALYSIS: Within days of the COVID-19 lockdown being announced in the UK, crime analysts were making predictions about its impact on criminal behaviour; so were they right? Professor Graham Farrell, Dr Sam Langton and Data Scientist Anthony Dixon of the School of Law at the University of Leeds examine the crime figures and trends from the first six months of the pandemic.

UCL COVID-19 SERIES: In this latest article from the UCL COVID-19 series, Graham Farrell and Emily Sheard from the University of Leeds discuss how the new legislation on mandatory face masks could inadvertently be aiding criminal behaviour.

ANALYSIS: The recent Scottish Biometrics Commissioner Act was drafted in part to answer public concerns about collecting and retaining biometric samples; but the legislation, and corresponding laws in England and Wales, place Scottish samples on UK databases in a legislative and regulatory limbo, as Post-Doctoral Researcher Karen Richmond of the University of Copenhagen explains.

UCL COVID-19 SERIES: In this latest article from the UCL series, Graham Farrell from the University of Leeds and Shane D Johnson from the Dawes Centre for Future Crime at UCL discuss how a COVID-19 vaccine may trigger a crime wave on a global scale.

ANALYSIS: In their second of two articles marking the centenary of the Baird Committee Report, which recommended that women should be employed as sworn police officers across England and Wales, Dr Wendy Laverick and Professor Peter Joyce look at the role of women of women in policing since the 1980s to today – including discrimination, the Gender Agenda and contemporary thinking.

Analysis: Jamie Clinch, a former Masters student in Forensic Psychology, discusses the findings of research she conducted into the effectiveness of alcohol-related violence intervention programmes as part of a collaboration between Coventry University and West Midlands Police.

UCL COVID-19 SERIES: In this latest in the series of COVID-19 briefing papers published by UCL’s Jill Dando Institute, Professor Graham Farrell of the University of Leeds highlights the changing nature of pandemic crime, from furlough fraud and fake PPE to cybercrime and civil law breaches.

ANALYSIS: Significant increases in cocaine purity, worrying levels of heroin seizures and emerging new threats from the COVID-19 lockdown are among the key issues highlighted in the latest European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction assessment, reports Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons.

ANALYSIS: This year marks the centenary of the Baird Committee Report, which recommended that women should be employed as sworn police officers across England and Wales. In the first of two articles, Dr Wendy Laverick and Professor Peter Joyce present a historical account of the involvement of women in policing, the barriers and obstacles they faced, and the current and future situation regarding equality of opportunity.

ANALYSIS: There have been widespread calls for police reform in the United States, but what shape should that reform take, and how effective can it be? Professor Ronald Weitzer of George Washington University looks at what steps have been taken so far, what has – and hasn’t – worked, and the opportunities for further evidence-based reform.

ANALYSIS: The Hate Crime and Public Order (Scotland) Bill, published in April, aims to consolidate existing hate crime legislation, as well as introducing new offences and abolishing blasphemy. Kath Murray, Lucy Hunter Blackburn and Lisa Mackenzie of the MurrayBlackburnMackenzie Policy Analysis Collective analyse and explain police responses to the new bill and its wide-ranging ramifications.

ANALYSIS: While a significant proportion of the American public are calling for police reform, more than half of all major crime in the US still goes unreported, and police only make an arrest in around one in five of those cases; Professor Shima Baughman of the University of Utah argues that truly improving policing will require those two gaps to be addressed.

ANALYSIS: The benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) for policing are increasingly recognised and discussed, but what about the criminal threats from such technology? Keith Potter looks at a new report from UCL’s Dawes Centre for Future Crime which highlights some of the main risks to the public from AI-related criminal activity.

ANALYSIS: The eyewitness identification of suspects often plays a crucial part in many criminal investigations and subsequent court proceedings; but as PhD researcher Pia Pennekamp explains, how confident a witness is about what they saw – and how that confidence is interpreted by police, juries and judges – needs greater clarity and a more standardised approach.

ANALYSIS: Persistent poverty and profound trauma are increasingly being recognised and addressed by police and crime commissioners in their attempts to divert young adults away from the criminal justice system, according to a new review by the Revolving Doors Agency; but alongside the emerging good practice, there are still gaps in support and areas for improvement.

ANALYSIS: When a health expert referred to the ‘random variation’ in COVID figures, there was little reaction; but as Dr Simon Guilfoyle – a lecturer, adviser and serving police inspector – explains, the statement highlighted some of the dangers of using data to make binary comparisons, which have led to years of flawed decisions and knee-jerk reactions in policing.

UCL COVID-19 SERIES: Mohammed Almazrouei from the UCL Jill Dando Institute, Nicola Georgiou from the UCL Centre for Forensic Sciences and Moa Lidén from the Abu Dhabi Police Forensic Evidence Laboratory collaborate to consider how the role of the forensic pathologist has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

ANALYSIS: Once a desirable career move, the shortage of police detectives in UK policing reflects the long hours, stress, and complex nature of the job; but it’s a shortage that must be addressed fully and quickly, explains former senior detective Dr Graham Hill, of the University of Leeds School of Law.

ANALYSIS: Noise pollution concerns and complaints in relation to police helicopters are mounting, but while drones are seen as an attractive and effective alternative they have their limitations, as Policing Insight contributor Andrew Staniforth explains.

UCL COVID-19 SERIES: In this latest article from the UCL Jill Dando Institute series on COVID-19, Jason Roach from the University of Huddersfield and Ken Pease from Derby University examine self-selection policing (SSP) during the pandemic and how successful this style of policing response has been at detecting and identifying offenders.