Criminal justice

SERIES LAUNCH: We are pleased to announce the launch of the latest series of The Police Student, supporting degree-entry recruits to the police service. This new series looks at criminology – the study of crime, how we think about it, what causes crime, the way that criminal justice agencies respond to offenders, and how all of this can affect what you do as police officers.

FEATURE: In the first of a new series of The Police Student focusing on Criminology in Policing, Policing Insight Academic Editor Dr Carina O’Reilly looks at the definition of criminology, the wide range of areas that feed into the discipline, and how the various approaches to criminal justice – including retributive justice, deterrence, and rehabilitation – impact on the role of policing.

RESEARCH: The wealth of CCTV footage recorded in a wide range of public and private settings regularly forms vital evidence in court cases; but a new study of British murder investigations by Professor Fiona Brookman and Research Fellow Helen Jones of the University of South Wales suggests that issues around interpretation, availability and quality of CCTV represent challenges and risks that can make such evidence unreliable and problematic.

FEATURE: A new Independent Public Advocate scheme which will work on behalf of victims and families bereaved by major disasters has been launched by the UK Government, to provide support and hold agencies including the police to account – although not all campaigners believe the new initiative goes far enough, as Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons reports.

ANALYSIS: In the second in a month-long series of articles celebrating International Women’s Day, Dr Holly Taylor-Dunn and Dr Anna Hopkins of the Open University’s Policing Organisation and Practice Department share details of two key research projects that concern the policing of domestic abuse.

FEATURE: Four pilots of Serious Violence Reduction Orders (SVROs) are now underway in England and Wales, but only in Merseyside are the powers being trialled force-wide; Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons spoke to Supt Phil Mullally about the impact of SVROs, the use of associated stop and search powers, and the potential for the orders to reduce violent crime.

INNOVATION: A 12-month trial which allows officers from Queensland Police Service to use body-worn cameras to record interviews with domestic violence victims that can then be used as evidence-in-chief has been hailed a success for reducing the trauma experienced by victim-survivors and enabling officers to re-invest more time providing support, as Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons reports.

ANALYSIS: The Public Order Bill making its way through the UK Parliament has attracted both support and criticism, with opponents highlighting concerns around new police powers in relation to protest techniques such as ‘locking on’ and tunnelling; Policing Insight’s Graham Wettone, a subject matter expert on public order policing, believes the Bill balances the right to protest with need for new laws to tackle the more disruptive actions of protestors.

FEATURE: As stakeholders from across the criminal justice system gathered last month for a Met Police innovation hub to rebrand out-of-court disposals (OOCDs) ahead of the launch of new two-tier framework, it was confirmed that any new name for the measures would be likely to go out to public consultation to ensure that communities are given a voice, as Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons reports.

OPINION: As a veteran of the lengthy stakeouts of heroin dealers, cultivation of informants, and the stitches, lost teeth and broken bones that come with the war on drugs, former Police Scotland superintendent Martin Gallagher believes it’s time for international agreement that the failed war should be over – and for co-operation and collaboration in putting together a more effective plan for peace.

OPINION: The use of police body camera footage and surveillance video has proved crucial in prosecuting many court cases and highlighting criminal activity – including the recent death of Tyre Nichols in Memphis – but video evidence expert, Assistant Professor Sandra Ristovska, believes the way such videos are presented can have a significant impact on a jury’s perception of a case.

FEATURE: Out-of-court disposals (OOCDs) and diversionary interventions can keep people out of the criminal justice system, and reduce pressures on police, courts and prisons, but the approach is inconsistent and can lack funding; ahead of the introduction of a new two-tier OOCD framework, Meg Jones, Director of social justice charity Cranstoun, looks at what the changes will mean, what works well, and the challenges facing the approach.

ANALYSIS: From their earliest implementation by the US in the 1990s to tackle Colombian drug cartels, the potential use of sanctions to target organised crime is attracting growing attention beyond the States; Policing Insight contributor Cathy Haenlein explores some of the key issues highlighted by recent research to assess the wider practical application of the approach.

OPINION: A youth ‘crime wave’ in Alice Springs – partly blamed on last year’s lifting of ‘Intervention’ laws – has led to more officers on the streets and more youngsters locked up; but Professor Thalia Anthony and Researcher Vanessa Napaltjari Davis argue that this ‘knee-jerk’ law and order response ignores longer term Royal Commission calls for a more humane response to young people and for greater support for First Nations families and organisations.

END OF YEAR REVIEW: As 2022 draws to a close, Policing Insight Editor Keith Potter looks back over some of the key law enforcement themes covered over the past 12 months, the challenges met and opportunities offered, and our continuing commitment to provide a platform for sharing expertise, understanding and best practice throughout 2023.

INTERVIEW: Metropolitan Police Commander Dr Alison Heydari, the UK’s national lead on out-of-court disposals, is looking to rebrand the sanctions to reduce reoffending, address offender needs and improve public trust, confidence and legitimacy, as she explained to Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons in this second part of her recent interview.

OPINION: New research by Dr Kate Puddister, an associate professor at the University of Guelph, and Queen’s University doctoral candidate Danielle McNabb, suggest that not only is sexual violence by police officers in Canada more common than expected, but that allegations of sexual assault against officers are less likely to be fully investigated, or lead to charges or convictions, than other such assaults reported to police.

OPINION: With growing poverty and social exclusion – driven by the UK’s cost-of-living crisis – set to increase low-level crime, anxiety and poor mental health, Revolving Doors Chief Executive Pavan Dhaliwal says that new polling highlights public concern about the potential for a crisis of crime, and believes innovative policing approaches could be the key to criminal justice reform that would protect resources while supporting those who offend onto better lives and desistance.

ANALYSIS: Senior UK police chiefs met with the Prime Minister and Home Secretary earlier this month to discuss the criminal activism in some recent protests, with Mr Sunak pledging to give police “whatever they need” in relation to additional powers; but Policing Insight’s Graham Wettone, a subject matter expert on public order policing and protest groups, believes more effective use of existing legislation, together with a stronger response from the criminal justice system, could bring greater benefits than new laws.

ANALYSIS: A 2019 criminal victimisation survey in Canada found that a quarter of victims of violence failed to report incidents to the police for fear of not being taken seriously and even being re-traumatised by the legal process. Jeffrey Bradley, PhD Candidate, Carleton University, examines what needs to change to ensure victims have the confidence to come forward.

LONG READ: With just one per cent of cases making it to court and convictions at a historic low, some believe the crime of rape has effectively been decriminalised. Dr John Fox, a lecturer in Police Studies at the University of Portsmouth, analyses the reasons why so few cases result in a conviction.

OPINION: Non-profit organisation Innocence Canada has highlighted nine main causes of wrongful convictions, with eyewitness misidentification contributing to around 70% of such miscarriages of justice later overturned by DNA testing; Carleton University Professor Joanna Pozzulo and Emily Pica, Associate Professor at Austin Peay State University, explore the impact of such cases, and call for policy reform to address the risks of eyewitness misidentification.

INTERVIEW: Ahead of this week’s Inspire Justice Awards, keynote speaker Gethin Jones, Founder at Unlocking the Potential, spoke to Dominic Louks, Product Marketing Manager at Skills for Justice, about his experiences of the justice system, how the staff roles being celebrated at the awards helped turn his life around, and what the future holds for Unlocking the Potential.

ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE: In August 2021 HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services (HMICFRS), the College of Policing and the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC) published a report in response to the super-complaint submitted by the Centre for Women’s Justice on the police use of protective measures in cases involving violence against women and girls (VAWG). Razi Hassan of the Domestic Abuse Alliance reviews the recommendations set out in the report and explains how the WEPROTECT instant victim referral service accelerates access to legal assistance and intervention.