Extremism

ANALYSIS: With the radicalisation of Muslim youth a continuing concern for governments, communities and counter-terrorism policing, Birmingham City University Senior Lecturer Dr Lily Hamourtziadou, University of Salford Lecturer Dr Anna Kruglova, and Detective Superintendent Matt Davison, national lead for the Identify strand of Prevent, explore three non-violent ways to counter radicalisation and terrorism that combine moral and practical approaches to security.

FEATURE: In the wake of the trial and conviction of a Nazi ‘virtual’ terrorist cell in Sheffield for planning attacks on mosques and synagogues in England, Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks at the lessons learned from the European PROTECTOR initiative, which highlighted the importance of collaboration and co-operation between law enforcement, faith communities, local authorities and other partners in improving the security of religious sites and places of worship.

OPINION: Blended or hybrid radical ideologies that comprise seemingly separate beliefs are increasingly impacting younger audiences, and providing motivation for violent extremism; with misogynistic and anti-feminist views often overlapping these ideologies, Astrid Young, research intern at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, warns that Australia needs a targeted policy response to deter young people from extremism.

FEATURE: Following last month’s Royal Assent of the Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Act 2025 – known as Martyn’s Law – Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks at the background to the new legislation and the key measures it will include, as well as highlighting the long delays in bringing the much-needed new powers into play.

OPINION: ‘Lone-actor’ attacks carried out by individuals without any direct affiliation to a terrorist group have become increasingly common in Europe; University of St Andrews Senior Lecturer Dr Diego Muro and PhD candidate Ovidiu Craciunas look at the difficulties in accurately defining and preventing such attacks, as well as how a better understanding of the behaviour and motivations of previous lone actors can help to address future threats.

INTERVIEW: With terrorist and extremist groups looking increasingly to online platforms as a way to radicalise internet users – particularly young people – the European Commission’s Prevention of Radicalisation Unit is working hard to counter their activities; in this second in a two-part interview, Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth spoke to Unit Policy Officer Friederike Wegener about the EC’s efforts to tackle the online terror threat, the role and impact of legislation, and the challenges of the future.

INTERVIEW: With terrorist and extremist groups looking increasingly to online platforms as a way to radicalise internet users – particularly young people – the European Commission’s Prevention of Radicalisation Unit is working hard to counter their activities; in this first in a two-part interview, Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth spoke to Unit Policy Officer Friederike Wegener about her work with the team, the priorities of her role, and the current online terrorist threat.

ANALYSIS: The latest Europol Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA), published this month, highlights the changing face of organised crime, and emerging methods and tactics adopted by organised crime groups (OCGs) around the world; Policing Insight’s Dr Chris Allen looks at some of the key themes from the report, including the increasing use of technology by OCGs, the collaboration and co-operation between criminals, and how OCGs are operating on a business model.

FEATURE: Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks at the work of AFRIPOL (the African Union Mechanism for Police Co-operation AFRIPOL) – which has a mandate to strengthen co-operation between the police agencies of the African Union (AU) – and its recent successes in collaborating with INTERPOL to tackle terrorism in East Africa.

FEATURE: Last month saw joint calls from the National Police Chiefs’ Council, College of Police and Counter-Terrorism Policing for UK policing to be given more freedom to share details around investigations that could help to quell the online misinformation fuelling violence and disorder; Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks at the challenges around sharing of information, as well as the artificial intelligence tools that can help to tackle misinformation.

OPINION: The US first declared its ‘war on terror’ in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, and the impact of the approach was felt by policing in America and elsewhere; Liverpool John Moores University Policing Lecturer James Williams looks at the changing nature of US counter-terrorism since 9/11, the growing focus on domestic terrorism, and the increasing threat posed by online extremism and ‘lone wolf’ attacks.

FEATURE: A new report by Children’s Commissioner for England Dame Rachel de Souza into the involvement of children in the riots across the UK last summer has found that “significant work” is still to be done to create a child-first approach to justice, while a strong distrust of police underlines “an urgent need for child-centred policing”, and conversations with children didn’t support the narrative that online misinformation or right-wing influences were responsible young people being “enticed to join in the aggression”, as Policing Insight’s Sarah Gibbons reports.

FEATURE: Recognising the threat posed by terrorist content online (TCO), the European Commission first presented legislation to tackle the problem in 2018, with the EU TCO Regulations coming into force in June 2022; now the work of three projects – set up to help hosting service providers (HSPs) meet the risk to European security – has reached fruition, offering HSPs a wealth of guidelines, training tools and other resources, as Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth reports.

INTERVIEW: Dr Lella Nouri, Associate Professor of Criminology at Swansea University and Co-Director of the Cyber Threats Research Centre (CYTREC), has pioneered the StreetSnap to enable councils, local police and their partners to better record, utilise and remove hateful graffiti, and the Flip the Streets initiative involving community members in co-producing artwork to replace instances of hateful visuals, as she explained to Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth.

OPINION: With the terrorist threat level in Australia sitting at ‘probable’, former Australian Secretary of Home Affairs Michael Pezzullo warns that the current confusion over responsibility for counter-terrorism in the country is weakening security – particularly in relation to the anti-Semitic terror threat – and sets out 10 steps the government needs to take to address the problem.

ANALYSIS: The Australian Government published a new counter-terrorism (CT) and counter-violent extremism (CVE) strategy last month, with surprisingly little publicity; Henry Campbell of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) believes that the new document is both light on CT policy and lacking in strategy, and fails to meet the new and evolving terrorist threat facing Australia.

FEATURE: The trial of the architect of the 9/11 terror attacks was halted again last month, after the US government blocked a plea deal that would have seen Khalid Sheikh Mohammed escape the death penalty; Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks back at the planning of what was described as “the most egregious criminal act on American soil in modern history”, and why the trial of the man who has admitted masterminding those events has still not come to conclusion 23 years later.

ANALYSIS: London Policing College Senior Lecturer and Consultant Dr Chris Allen explores the key terrorism threats facing the UK from ideological, religious and political perpetrators as well as state actors, and looks at the projected trends over the coming 12 months.

OPINION: The trial and sentencing of Axel Rudakubana for the fatal stabbing of three young girls in Southport in 2024 has once again ignited a debate about what constitutes terrorism in the UK; Dr Alan Greene, Reader in Constitutional Law and Human Rights at the University of Birmingham, argues that widening the already broad legal definition of terrorism would confuse the law and increase the existing heavy reliance on the discretion of the police, courts and government as to which incidents are deemed terrorist in nature.

FEATURE: In the wake of the jihadist terror attack in New Orleans on New Year’s Day, Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth examines the concept of ‘leaderless jihad’ and explores the ongoing risk to countries in Europe (and further afield) highlighted by the recent European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report.

OPINION: 3D-printed firearms – known as ‘ghost guns’ – have been used in a wide range of criminal incidents by organised crime groups as well as political and religious extremists, with growing numbers of arrests in the US, Canada, the UK and Australia; Professor Nir Kshetri of the University of North Carolina-Greensboro believes that the use of ghost guns in violent and criminal activity will continue to increase, with governments and police facing significant challenges in regulating the firearms.

FEATURE: In the wake of the recent terrorist arson attack on the Adass Israel Synagogue in Melbourne, Australia, Policing Insight’s Andrew Staniforth looks at the continuing efforts to develop collaborative approaches between congregations, communities and law enforcement to ensure the safety and protection of places of worship.

OPINION: Former Police Scotland superintendent Martin Gallagher, now an author, journalist and terrorism expert, fears that causes on the left or politics maybe conflating – with supporters potentially moving from political agitation to political violence, in echoes of the 1970s – at a time when policing finds itself potentially blind to the threat, and adopting a position that many of the public view as radical.

OPINION: A new report from the five nations of the Five Eyes intelligence community highlights the increasing rates of online youth radicalisation, a threat borne out by the involvement of young people in every counter-terrorism case investigated this year by the Australian Federal Police; Greg Barton, Professor of Global Islamic Politics at the Alfred Deakin Institute, argues that while Australia already has good systems in place, the report offers valuable advice for parents, teachers, and any other agencies working with children and young people.