Media MonitorSUBSCRIBE 98635 total results. Showing results 70401 to 70420 «351735183519352035213522352335243525Next ›Last » Network Exposure and Excessive Use of Force In this study, we investigate how a police officer’s exposure to peers accused of misconduct shapes his or her involvement in excessive use of force. By drawing from 8,642 Chicago police officers named in multiple complaints, we reconstruct police misconduct ego‐networks using complaint records. Our results show that officer involvement in excessive use of force complaints is predicted by having a greater proportion of co‐accused with a history of such behaviors. Our findings indicate officers’ peers may serve as social conduits through which misconduct may be learned and transmitted. Isolating officers that engage in improper use of force, at least until problematic behaviors are addressed, seems to be critical to reducing police misconduct and department‐wide citizen complaints. Future studies should be aimed at investigating how social networks shape police misconduct and the ways network analysis might be used to diffuse intervention strategies within departments. Criminology and Public Policy 31/7/2019 Research article “Oh Hell No, We Don’t Talk to Police” We conducted face‐to‐face interviews with 50 young Black men, residents of high‐crime neighborhoods in Brooklyn and the Bronx, individuals who had considerable knowledge about illegal gun markets and the resulting bloodshed. Our findings confirm that distressed milieus reliably fail to produce cooperative witnesses as a result of the cumulative impact of anti‐snitching edicts, fear of retaliation, legal cynicism, and high‐risk victims’ normative views toward self‐help. Disadvantaged communities of color typically have low fatal and nonfatal shooting clearance rates in part as a result of poor witness cooperation. Diminished clearance rates have also been shown to intensify minority residents’ claims that officers do not care about keeping them or their neighborhoods safe. Respondents’ accounts identify three overlapping areas instructive for informing public policy: (1) reducing gun violence so that high‐risk individuals live in objectively safer areas, (2) using intermediaries to launch grassroots campaigns countering pro‐violence and anti‐snitching norms, and (3) improving police–minority community relations. Criminology and Public Policy 31/7/2019 Research article Failing Victims? Challenges of the Police Response to Human Trafficking The police have a duty to provide assistance to crime victims. Despite the importance of this role, scholars examining police effectiveness have historically been less attentive to the needs of victims. As the police are increasingly called on to combat sex and labor trafficking crimes, it is timely to explore how this new population of victims is served by the police. Information from a review of human trafficking investigations and in‐depth interviews with police and service providers in three U.S. communities indicates that human trafficking victims often do not trust the police and rarely seek their assistance. When the police do respond, human trafficking victims seek affirmation of their experiences and safety from future harm. Recommendations are offered to improve police responses to human trafficking victims including efforts to build trust, promote victim safety, and meet the needs of victims outside of the justice system. Criminology and Public Policy 31/7/2019 Research article The New Detective The clearance rates for murder and other serious crimes have declined significantly for almost 60 years despite significant technological improvements in police investigations. The reasons for this are not well understood. We argue here for rethinking why, what, and how police investigators operate so as to repurpose their work for reducing crime. These changes include improved thinking by detectives to reduce investigative errors, increased focus on patterns of crimes, and better use of detective expertise in crime prevention. First, police should work to reduce investigative failures by improving investigative thinking. Second, tinkering with the administrative practices of investigative units seems unlikely to produce significant results. Third, police agencies should engage detectives in crime prevention. Finally, police agencies should connect investigations to problem solving. Criminology and Public Policy 31/7/2019 Research article Clearing Homicides Since the RAND Corporation studies on investigations were published, there has been a widely held belief among scholars that police agencies and investigative effort matter little to solving crimes. A few researchers have recently challenged this belief, however, producing results that show that investigative effort does play a role in clearing crimes. In this study, we replicate the methodological approach of the RAND studies and use multiagency, multimethod, detailed case files, as well as organizational analysis, to examine the association among investigative effort, case features, organizational factors, and the clearance of homicide cases. The results show that variation between the homicide clearances in agencies can be explained by case attributes, investigative practices, and organizational differences. Future research should be aimed at building on these results using a similar design with a larger number of agencies. An agency’s ability to clear homicides is a function of the resources it applies to conduct investigations and how it organizes its effort. Agencies seeking to increase their ability to clear homicides should focus on increasing investigative efforts for cases (i.e., thoroughness of the initial investigative response) and prioritize oversight, management, and evaluation of investigation work. The results of our study show that providing justice to the family, friends, and communities of homicide victims is an achievable goal for law enforcement agencies when they attend to investigative efforts. Criminology and Public Policy 31/7/2019 Research article Why Do Gun Murders Have A Higher Clearance Rate Than Gunshot Assaults? The prevailing view is that follow‐up investigations are of limited value as crimes are primarily cleared by patrol officers making on‐scene arrests and through the presence of eyewitnesses and forensic evidence at the initial crime scene. We use a quasi‐experimental design to compare investigative resources invested in clearing gun homicide cases relative to nonfatal gun assaults in Boston. We find the large gap in clearances (43% for gun murders vs. 19% for nonfatal gun assaults) is primarily a result of sustained investigative effort in homicide cases made after the first 2 days. Police departments should invest additional resources in the investigation of nonfatal gun assaults. When additional investigative effort is expended, law enforcement improves its success in gaining the cooperation of key witnesses and increases the amount of forensic evidence collected and analyzed. In turn, the capacity of the police to hold violent gun offenders accountable, deliver justice to victims, and prevent future gun attacks is enhanced. Criminology and Public Policy 31/7/2019 Research article Applying Sentinel Event Reviews to Policing A sentinel event review (SER) is a system‐based, multistakeholder review of an organizational error. The goal of an SER is to prevent similar errors from recurring in the future rather than identifying and punishing the responsible parties. In this article, we provide a detailed description of one of the first SERs conducted in an American police department—the review of the Lex Street Massacre investigation and prosecution, which resulted in the wrongful incarceration of four innocent men for 18 months. The results of the review suggest that SERs may help identify new systemic reforms for participating police departments and other criminal justice agencies. Police departments and other criminal justice agencies should begin implementing SERs to review a wide range of organizational errors and “near misses.” We offer guiding principles about the kinds of errors that may be more or less susceptible to fruitful review. Congress, state legislatures, and municipalities should also enact policies—such as safe harbor provisions—to encourage agencies to conduct SERs. Criminology and Public Policy 31/7/2019 Research article Policing Plan 2019 REPUBLIC OF IRELAND: I am delighted to publish my first Policing Plan as Commissioner of An Garda Síochána, the first of three plans developed in support of the Strategy Statement 2019-2021. Policing Authority (Republic of Ireland) 31/7/2019 Report Examining the Causes and Consequences of Confession-Eliciting Tactics During Interrogation Research suggests interrogation techniques used by U.S. law enforcement can yield false confessions. To investigate, participants (n = 151) were randomly assigned to complete one of two simulated interrogation exercises designed to model different interrogation tactics: (a) the accusatorial Reid Technique, one of the most widely-used interrogation approaches by U.S. law enforcement; or (b) the information-gathering “Compliance” model. False confession rates were examined. The underlying emotional and cognitive themes in participants’ written confessions and open-ended responses were also examined using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and Automated Integrative Complexity systems. Results revealed no differences in false confession rates between conditions. However, participants exposed to Reid-based questioning used comparatively more negative, angry, and close-minded (cognitively simple) language when describing their interrogator and less certainty in confessions. The emergent differences in emotional and cognitive reactions inform our understanding of the effects of interrogation approaches used by law enforcement in the United States. International Journal of Police Science & Management - Registration at source 31/7/2019 Research article ‘You Feel Dirty A Lot of the Time’: Policing ‘Dirty Work’, Contamination and Purification Rituals Following the controversial adoption of spit-hoods by some UK police forces, most recently by the London Metropolitan Police in February 2019, this article contributes to and extends debates on physical and symbolic contamination by drawing on established considerations of ‘dirty work’. The article argues that, for police officers, cleansing rituals are personal and subjective. As a relatively high-prestige occupation, police officers occupy a unique position in that they are protected by a status shield. Reflections from this ethnographic study suggest that the police uniform can be used as a vehicle for contamination and staff employ purification rituals and methods of taint management. International Journal of Police Science & Management - Registration at source 31/7/2019 Research article APCC response to Home Affairs Select Committee report on serious youth violence Association of Police and Crime Commissioners Serious Violence Lead, Mark Burns-Williamson : “We welcome the focus this report gives to the importance of highlighting and tackling violence in our communities." Association of Police and Crime Commissioners (APCC) 31/7/2019 News MPs: Rise in youth violence is ‘a social emergency’ An influential Parliamentary committee has called on the Government to introduce a Youth Service Guarantee and fund dedicated safer schools officers in areas with above average risk of youth violence. Police Professional 31/7/2019 News MPs demand school officers for areas with above-average risk of youth violence Prime Minister should make tackling 'national emergency' a priority to save lives. Police Oracle - Subscription at source 31/7/2019 News Met to review ‘where we go from here’ on fallout report from Operation Midland Home Secretary to meet police watchdog after collapsed VIP abuse probe. Police Oracle - Subscription at source 31/7/2019 News Shana Grice: Force apologies for ‘what has gone on’ and failures highlighted in misconduct hearings Ex-PC who accused teenager of wasting police time is guilty of misconduct. Police Oracle - Subscription at source 31/7/2019 News The brave boys in blue are let down by their PC bosses, says Ann Widdecombe What is the matter with our police? It hurts to ask that question because my age group was brought up to respect the boys in blue and indeed we know that many of them are still brave in the face of danger, as was Keith Palmer who died trying to protect MPs from a terrorist attack. Express 31/7/2019 Feature, Opinion ‘National emergency’: young people killed by knives in 2019 More than 100 people in Britain have been killed by knives this year, many of them children. The Guardian 31/7/2019 News Rape support ‘needs drastic improvement’ Poor access to counselling and support is one of the reasons most of those who report rape later withdraw their allegations, London's victims' commissioner has said. BBC 31/7/2019 News What Democratic Policing Is … and Is Not Democratic policing is a multidimensional, multilevel, and contested concept rooted in political ideology. It is not singular or politically neutral. I argue there are four typologies of democratic policing: right, centre-right, centre-left, and left. In Latin America, in the 1980s and 1990s, countries went through the dual processes of democratisation and the implementation of neoliberal economic policies. The latter increased inequality in wealth and led to deeply divisive debates regarding the place of equality and violence in the definition of democracy. Putting aside these debates on the meaning of democracy, police reform projects in Latin America have embraced community-oriented policing as synonymous with democratic policing. Yet, democratic policing is not a singular concept and political debates matter to its various meanings. The article uses Goertz’s (2006. Social science concepts: a user’s guide. Princeton University Press) three-level concept analysis to assess the theoretical similarities and differences between the four types of democratic policing. It then tests the theory with empirical data from the cases studies of Argentina (Menem and Kirchners) and Chile (Bachelet and Piñera). The case studies are informed by field research in both countries (2006–2015), and draw on media and human rights reports as well as secondary data. The study finds a gap between theory and practice that calls for more research on policy convergence. More importantly, it reveals the need to situate ideal definitions of democratic policing within political debates on democracy, paying close attention to the role of political ideology. Violence Against Women 31/7/2019 Research article Police to use drones with high definition cameras and thermal imaging to fight crime in Hampshire Hampshire Constabulary says it will begin a pilot scheme to test the use of drones in the county in "reactive and pre-planned situations". Daily Echo (Southern) 31/7/2019 News «351735183519352035213522352335243525Next ›Last » Upcoming events View all events
