analysis: The final paper in our series on Police and Crime Panels by Dr Roy Bailey explores the governance role of Police and Crime Panels and whether they are effective in holding Police and Crime Commissioners to account.

analysis: Independent police and crime panel members are generally younger, more diverse, better skilled and more representative of their communities. In his fourth paper, based on his research into police and crime panels, Dr Roy Bailey evaluates the effectiveness of independent panel members.

analysis: In the third of five papers on Police and Crime Panels, Dr Roy Bailey examines the panel's legal powers and how it handles complaints against Police and Crime Commissioners whilst trying to strike a balance between support and scrutiny.

analysis: In the second of five papers on Police and Crime Panels, Dr Roy Bailey explores their structure and organisation alongside a range of challenges including the impact of high panel member turnover, poor attendance, limited training and restricted funding.

New Series: In the first of five papers, Dr Roy Bailey explores how the appointments process for Police and Crime Panels has created panels that do not represent the communities they serve or ensure all candidates have the adequate knowledge and experience to fulfil their role.

ANALYSIS: Police and Crime Panels were set up to scrutinise Police and Crime Commissioners, but how successful have they been? Former senior police officer Roy Bailey finds that a lot of work needs to be done to make PCPs more effective in their key role of holding PCCs to account.

OPINION: Former senior police officer Roy Bailey sets out plans for his latest research project into policing governance