ANALYSIS: Various sectors of criminal justice systems around the world are increasing their use of artificial intelligence (AI), but AI has played a key part in offender assessment decisions in the UK, US, Australia, Canada and other countries for more than 20 years, with little or no transparency or independent inspection of the algorithms involved, as University of Surrey Professor Melissa Hamilton and Professor Pamela Ugwudike of the University of Southampton explain.

ANALYSIS: Crimes recorded by the police are rocketing - yet the Crime Survey of England and Wales shows crime going down. Which is correct? Are they even measuring the same things? Dr Melissa Hamilton of the University of Surrey explains the difference - and what it means for our understanding of crime and police numbers.